Marvel Cinematic Universe

The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), (also known as Earth-199999 in various Marvel comic storylines), is a film franchise and shared fictional universe that is the setting of superhero films independently produced by Marvel Studios, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. The shared universe of the films, much like the Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.

The first film to be released in the Marvel Cinematic Universe was Iron Man (2008), followed by The Incredible Hulk (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011), Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Marvel's The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013) Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier  (2014). Three additional films are in various stages of development of January 2014:   Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) is in post-production, Marvel's The Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Ant-Man (2015) are in pre-production. Three untitled films are slated for release in 2016 and 2017.

The films within the Marvel Cinematic Universe have received both critical and commercial success, and the franchise as a whole ranks as the third highest-grossing film franchise of all time. Outside of feature films, the franchise has expanded into comic books, a series of short films called Marvel One-Shots, and the television series Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Films
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" border="1" width=100% ! Film ! Release date ! Director(s) ! Screenwriter(s) ! Producer(s) ! Status ! colspan="6" style="background-color:#ccccff;" |

Phase One: Avengers Assembled
Avi Arad, Kevin Feige ! colspan="6" style="background-color:#ccccff;" |
 * style="text-align:left"|Iron Man
 * style="text-align:left"|5/2/08
 * Jon Favreau
 * Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby
 * Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby
 * rowspan="7" | Released
 * style="text-align:left"|The Incredible Hulk
 * style="text-align:left"|6/13/08
 * Louis Leterrier
 * Zak Penn & Edward Harrison
 * Avi Arad, Gale Anne Hurd, Kevin Feige
 * style="text-align:left"| Iron Man 2
 * style="text-align:left"|5/7/10
 * Jon Favreau
 * Justin Theroux
 * rowspan="4" | Kevin Feige
 * style="text-align:left"|Thor
 * style="text-align:left"|5/6/11
 * Kenneth Branagh
 * Ashley Edward Miller & Zack Stentz and Don Payne
 * style="text-align:left"| Captain America: The First Avenger
 * style="text-align:left"|7/22/11
 * Joe Johnston
 * Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely
 * style="text-align:left"| Marvel's The Avengers
 * style="text-align:left"|5/4/12
 * Joss Whedon
 * Joss Whedon
 * style="text-align:left"| Marvel's The Avengers
 * style="text-align:left"|5/4/12
 * Joss Whedon
 * Joss Whedon
 * Joss Whedon

Phase Two
Released ! colspan="6" style="background-color:#ccccff;" |
 * style="text-align:left"| Iron Man 3
 * style="text-align:left"|5/3/13
 * Shane Black
 * Drew Pearce and Shane Black
 * rowspan="5" | Kevin Feige
 * Released
 * style="text-align:left"| Thor: The Dark World
 * style="text-align:left"|11/8/13
 * Alan Taylor
 * Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely
 * Alan Taylor
 * Christopher Yost and Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely
 * style="text-align:left"| Captain America: The Winter Soldier
 * style="text-align:left"| April 4, 2014
 * Joe and Anthony Russo
 * Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely
 * rowspan="3" | Post-production
 * style="text-align:left"| Guardians of the Galaxy
 * style="text-align:left"| August 1, 2014
 * James Gunn
 * Nicole Perlman, Chris McCoy and James Gunn
 * style="text-align:left"|The Avengers: Age of Ultron
 * style="text-align:left"| May 1, 2015
 * Joss Whedon
 * Joss Whedon
 * style="text-align:left"| May 1, 2015
 * Joss Whedon
 * Joss Whedon

Phase Three

 * style="text-align:left"|Ant-Man
 * style="text-align:left"| July 17, 2015
 * Edgar Wright
 * Edgar Wright & Joe Cornish
 * Kevin Feige
 * In development
 * style="text-align:left"| Captain America 3
 * style="text-align:left"| 2016
 * Joe and Anthony Russo
 * In development
 * style="text-align:left"|Thor 3
 * style="text-align:left"| TBA
 * Christopher Yost & Craig Kyle
 * Kevin Feige
 * In development
 * }
 * style="text-align:left"| TBA
 * Christopher Yost & Craig Kyle
 * Kevin Feige
 * In development
 * }
 * }

Marvel's The Avengers (2012)
In June 2007, Zak Penn, who wrote The Incredible Hulk, was hired to write a script for The Avengers. In April 2010, Joss Whedon closed a deal to direct the film, and to rework Penn's script. Marvel announced that Edward Norton would not be reprising the role of Bruce Banner aka the Hulk, and in July 2010, Mark Ruffalo was cast in his place. In October 2010, The Walt Disney Company agreed to pay Paramount at least $115 million for the worldwide distribution rights to Iron Man 3 and The Avengers, although the deal allowed Paramount to continue to collect a box office fee and receive credit for distribution. Principal photography began in April 2011 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio in August, and New York City in September.

Gwyneth Paltrow, who portrayed Pepper Potts in Iron Man and Iron Man 2, was cast at Robert Downey Jr.'s insistence; prior to this, Whedon had not intended the film to include supporting characters from the heroes' individual films, commenting, "You need to separate the characters from their support systems in order to create the isolation you need for a team." Sony Pictures and Disney discussed incorporating the OsCorp Tower from the The Amazing Spider-Man into the climax of The Avengers, but the idea was eventually dropped because The Avengers 's Manhattan skyline had already been rendered before the OsCorp building design had been completed. The supervillain Thanos appeared in a post-credits scene, portrayed by Damion Poitier.

Iron Man 3 (2013)
In late 2010, Marvel and Disney scheduled Iron Man 3 for release on May 3, 2013. In February 2011, Marvel hired Shane Black to direct Iron Man 3. Black co-wrote the film's script with Drew Pearce. Filming began in May 2012, in North Carolina. Filming also took place in southern Florida, China, and Los Angeles.

In the film Tony Stark experiences PTSD like symptoms following the Battle of New York. Black explained, "that's an anxiety response to feeling inferior to The Avengers, but also to being humbled by sights he cannot possibly begin to understand or reconcile with the realities he's used to... There's a line in the movie about ever since that big guy with the hammer fell out of the sky, the rules have changed. That's what we're dealing with here." Mark Ruffalo also reprised his role as Dr. Bruce Banner in a cameo appearance during a post-credits scene.

Thor: The Dark World (2013)
A sequel to Thor was first announced in June 2011. Alan Taylor signed on to direct the film in December 2011. The film's title was announced as Thor: The Dark World in July 2012 at San Diego Comic-Con International. Production started in September 2012 in Bourne Wood, Surrey. Filming also took place in Iceland and London. The film premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on October 22, 2013. It was internationally released on October 30, 2013 and on November 8, 2013 in the United States.

Chris Evans briefly makes a cameo appearance in the film as Captain America when Loki shapeshifts into him while mocking Thor. Tom Hiddleston wore the Captain America costume while standing in for Evans, before Evans came to shoot the scene. Hiddelston said, "I did an impression of Loki in the Captain America costume, and then they showed Chris [Evans] my performance on tape. It's him doing an impression of me doing an impression of him. And it's brilliant." James Gunn, the director of Guardians of the Galaxy, directed the mid-credits scene in which Sif and Volstagg encounter The Collector, played by Benicio del Toro. Asked about shooting the scene, Gunn said, "I got the script that morning, and I did it in two hours at the end of a day of second unit shooting [for Guardians of the Galaxy]," he said. "That's how this little bit came together with Benicio."

Recurring cast and characters
List indicator(s)
 * This table only includes characters which have appeared in multiple film franchises within the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
 * A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character's presence in the film has not yet been announced.
 * A V indicates a voice-only role
 * A C indicates an uncredited cameo role

Home media
In June 2012, Marvel announced the release of a 10-disc Blu-ray box set titled Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase One – Avengers Assembled, for September 25, 2012. The box set includes the first six films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe—Iron Man, The Incredible Hulk, Iron Man 2, Thor, Captain America: The First Avenger, and The Avengers—in a replica of Nick Fury's briefcase from The Avengers.

In August 2012, luggage company Rimowa GmbH, who developed the briefcase for The Avengers, filed suit against Marvel Studios and Buena Vista Home Entertainment in U.S. federal court, complaining that "Marvel did not obtain any license or authorization from Rimowa to make replica copies of the cases for any purpose". The set was delayed and the packaging was redesigned for 2013. The box set, with a redesigned case, was released on April 2, 2013. In addition, the box set included a featurette on the upcoming Phase Two movies, showing footage and concept art, as well as previously unreleased deleted scenes from all of the Phase One films.

Comic books
In November 2010, Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Joe Quesada outlined his plan to expand the MCU into comic books. He explained, "For the uninitiated, the MCU comics are going to be stories set within movie continuity. They are not necessarily direct adaptations of the movies, but maybe something that happened off screen and was mentioned in the movie, and we'll tell that story. ... The folks that are involved in the movies on the West Coast will be involved in these stories. It won't be like one of our comic book writers saw the movie and has an idea for a story. No, these stories are originating at the very top. Marvel Studios chief Kevin Feige is involved with these and in some cases maybe the writers of the movies would be involved in ... generating these ideas and then either just giving them to some of our writers or maybe some of these guys writing them themselves."

Short films
In August 2011, Marvel announced a series of direct-to-video short films called Marvel One-Shots. The first short film, The Consultant, is included with the Thor Blu-ray release, which was released on September 13, 2011. A second, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer, was released on the Captain America: The First Avenger Blu-ray on October 25, 2011. Both films star Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, offering up two self-contained stories about the day in the life of a S.H.I.E.L.D. agent. A third film titled Item 47 was released with The Avengers Blu-ray on September 25, 2012.

Television
In December 2010, it was reported that Twilight screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg was developing a series originally for ABC titled AKA Jessica Jones, based on the comic book series Alias created by Brian Michael Bendis. In November 2011, Rosenberg stated that the TV show would center on Jessica Jones and would have principal parts for Luke Cage and Carol Danvers. She also confirmed that the TV series would absolutely take place in the larger "cinematic" Marvel Universe and Tony Stark and Stark Industries were in the pilot script but admitted, "As we go along things will alter in terms of what is made available to us, but we're definitely in that universe.

We are in no way denying that that universe exists. And as much as I can I'm going to pull everything in from there that I can use". In May 2012, ABC president Paul Lee stated the network has passed on the series. In July 2012 it was reported that Marvel's TV division had again entered into discussions with ABC to do a show set in the MCU, and in August ABC ordered a pilot for a show called S.H.I.E.L.D., to be written by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, and directed by Joss Whedon. Clark Gregg is cast to reprise his role from the films as Phil Coulson in the series. On April 6, 2013 ABC announced that the show would be titled, Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
A sequel to 2011's Captain America: The First Avenger was announced in April 2012. Joe and Anthony Russo were hired to direct in June 2012, and in July 2012 it was officially titled Captain America: The Winter Soldier. Chris Evans and Samuel L. Jackson are set to reprise their respective roles as Captain America and Nick Fury, and Scarlett Johansson will again play the Black Widow. Production started in April 2013 in Manhattan Beach.

Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
Main Article: Guardians of the Galaxy

Marvel Studios announced it was developing a Guardians of the Galaxy film in July 2012, with a release date of August 1, 2014. The film is to be directed by James Gunn, based on a screenplay written by Nicole Perlman, Chris McCoy, and Gunn. In February 2013, Chris Pratt was cast in the lead role, as Star-Lord. The film is scheduled to begin shooting in June 2013 in London.

Marvel's The Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)
A sequel to The Avengers was announced by Disney in May 2012, shortly after the first film's release. It is set for release on May 1, 2015. In August 2012, Joss Whedon was signed to return as writer and director. In June 2013, Robert Downey, Jr. signed a deal to reprise the role of Tony Stark for the second and third films. On July 20, 2013, at San Diego Comic-Con International, Whedon announced that the title of the film would be Marvel's The Avengers: Age of Ultron.

Ant-Man (2015)
Ant-Man is to be directed by Edgar Wright with a script written by Wright and Joe Cornish, who plan to include Henry Pym and Scott Lang as major characters. Test footage for the film was screened at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International during the Marvel Studios panel. It is set for release on November 6, 2015, and Feige confirmed that it will be the first film in Phase Three of the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Other projects
Marvel has hired screenwriters for a number of other properties: in April 2006, Andrew W. Marlowe was hired to write a script for Nick Fury, Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer were hired to write a screenplay for Doctor Strange in June 2010, and in January 2011, Marvel hired documentary filmmaker Mark Bailey to write a script for Black Panther. Marvel has also attempted to hire a team of writers to help come up with creative ways to produce film adaptations of some of its lesser-known properties, including Black Panther, Cable, Iron Fist, Nighthawk, and Vision, and in April 2010, Marvel began meeting with filmmakers to discuss small-scale, $20–40 million movies based on these lesser-known characters and others.

Properties including Doctor Strange, Ka-Zar, Luke Cage, Dazzler, and Power Pack are among those being considered for development. In March 2012, Kevin Feige mentioned the Inhumans as being a property he was confident a movie would be made out of, along with Doctor Strange and Guardians of the Galaxy. A sequel to 2008's The Incredible Hulk has also been discussed, with Marvel Studios having suggested a possible release after 2015's The Avengers 2 due to the positive audience reception towards Mark Ruffalo's portrayal of Bruce Banner in The Avengers. Ruffalo is set to reprise his role in any future adaptation of the character.

In January 2013, Kevin Feige confirmed that Doctor Strange would be a part of their Phase Three slate of movies and in May 2013, Feige confirmed that Marvel Studios is planning to release a Doctor Strange feature film. At Entertainment Weekly's CapeTown Film Fest in 2013, Feige stated that Marvel was planning to release a female superhero film. In May 2013, the Hollywood Reporter reported that, in addition to the planned Doctor Strange film, Iron Fist, Black Panther and The Runaways are "on the horizon", and Marvel has working scripts for Blade and Ms. Marvel.

Note

 * In July 2013, theatrical and home media distribution rights for Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Thor, and Captain America: The First Avenger were transferred to Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures and Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, respectively.