Tangled

Tangled (originally titled Rapunzel, which was retained as the film's European release title, or known as Rapunzel: A Tangled Tale, or the working title Rapunzel Unbraided) is an American animated film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and starring Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi, and is the 50th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics canon, released on November 24, 2010 in North America. The story is based on the classic German fairy tale Rapunzel by the Brothers Grimm.

Plot
An elderly woman named Gothel witnesses a single droping of the sun hits the ground. The drop of sun creates a magical flower with rejuvination abilities when one sings to it. Centuries later, the Queen of a large kingdom falls ill while pregnant. Her guards locate the mysterious flower, hidden by Gothel, and bring it to the Queen. The flower heals the Queen and she gives birth to a girl named Rapunzel, who comes to inherit the flower's magical powers through her long golden hair. One night, Gothel kidnaps Rapunzel and isolates her in a tower, raising Rapunzel as her own daughter. Every year on Rapunzel's birthday, the entire kingdom sends floating lanterns into the sky, longing for their princess to return.

Eighteen years later, Rapunzel tells Gothel that she wishes to see the floating lights that appear on her birthday. Gothel refuses by telling Rapunzel that the world is a dangerous place. Meanwhile, the thief Flynn Rider and his twin thugs heist the tiara of the missing princess from the castle. As they flee, Flynn abandons the twins, allowing the guards to capture them. He comes upon Rapunzel's tower and decides it would be a great place to

thumb|300px|righthide. He is hit with frying pan and held captive by Rapunzel and her pet chameleon, Pascal. They also hide the tiara that was stolen. Rapunzel bargains with Flynn; if he escorts her to the lights and back, she will return his tiara. Flynn agrees and Rapunzel is excited to be free, but is torn between the elation from the new experience and the guilt of disobedience. Later, Gothel finds Rapunzel gone. The pair arrive at the Snuggly Duckling, a seedy pub filled with thugs. The thugs recognize Flynn from the poster and plan to turn him in, but Rapunzel confronts the men stating that she needs Flynn to complete her dream of seeing the lights. The thugs decide to help her as they also have unfinished dreams. Gothel watches through a window, but before she can do anything, the royal guard enters. Flynn and Rapunzel are chased to a wooden dam, where they hide in a closed-off cave. Maximus causes the dam to break and the surrounding area (including the cave) begins to flood. Thinking that they will die, Flynn reveals that his real namened is actually Eugene Fitzherbert, and Rapunzel confessesed that her hair glows when she sings. Realizing that it would light the cave, she sings and the cave is illuminatedes. They swim to a small clump of rocks and escape the cave. Meanwhile, Gothel finds the thieving twins to offer them something worth much more than the tiara.

That night, Rapunzel heals Eugene's hand, which was injured in their escape, with her hair and explains that if her hair is cut, it loses its power and turns brown. As Eugene goes to collect firewood, Gothel appears and pleads with Rapunzel to return to the tower, but Rapunzel refuseds as she now has a liking for Eugene. Gothel gives Rapunzel the tiara and warns that Eugene will leave her after he gets it. The next morning, Rapunzel forces Maximus to strike a truce with Eugene as the group arrives at the kingdom for the princess' birthday festival. That evening, Eugene rows Rapunzel out in a small dingy to the middle of an adjacent lake to gain a good view of the lantern release. Rapunzel gives Eugene the tiara saying that she now trusts him. Eugene sees the twins on a different shore and tells Rapunzel that he will be right back. Eugene apologizes to the twins and returns the tiara, but the twins want Rapunzel instead. 10 moments later, the twins tell Rapunzel that Eugene has abandoned her for the tiara. However, Gothel betrays them to look like she's rescuing Rapunzel.

Rapunzel returns to her tower room and notices that a flag she collected at the festival looks exactly like the paintings she made all over the tower's interior. Rapunzel realizes that she is the lost princess and confonts Gothel. Meanwhile, Eugene has been arrested and sentenced to be hanged, but is rescued by Maximus and the thugs from the Snuggly Duckling. Eugene and Maximus rush to Rapunzel's tower and find Rapunzel held captive by Gothel. Gothel stabs Eugene, but Rapunzel tells Gothel that as long as she lets her heal Eugene, she would go away with Gothel willingly. Since Eugene would rather die than have Rapunzel stay trapped in the tower forever, Eugene cuts Rapunzel's hair, causing it to turn brown. As a result of the loss of power from her hair, Gothel quickly ages and falls from the tower, but disintegrates before she can hit the ground. Eugene tells Rapunzel that she was his new dream and Rapunzel says he was hers. Eugene dies in Rapunzel's arms. Unexpectedly, Rapunzel's tears suddenly heal Eugene and brought him back to life. Later, Eugene and Rapunzel return to the castle to meet her parents and eventually marry, living happily ever after.

Cast

 * Rapunzel – Mandy Moore
 * Flynn Rider – Zachary Levi
 * Mother Gothel – Donna Murphy
 * Hookhand - Brad Garrett
 * The Stabbington Brothers - Ron Perlman
 * Big Nose Thug - Jeffrey Tambor
 * Shorty - Paul F. Tompkins
 * Vladamir - Richard Kiel
 * Captain of the Guard - M.C. Gainey
 * Young Rapunzel - Delaney Rose Stein

Technical details
The movie's visual style is based on the painting "The Swing", by the French Rococo artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Because Glen Keane wanted this to be an animated movie that looked and felt like a traditional hand-drawn Disney Classic in 3D, he first had a seminar called "The Best of Both Worlds", where he, with fifty Disney animators (both CGI and traditional artists), focused on the pluses and minuses of each style. Because of advancements in computer technology, many basic principles of animation used in traditional animated movies but which have been absent in CGI films due to technical limitations became possible also in this field of animation, where they will be used together with the potential offered by CGI. Keane has stated numerous times that he is trying to make the computer "bend its knee to the artist" instead of having the computer dictate the artistic style and look of the film. By making the computer become as "pliable as the pencil," Keane's vision of a "three dimensional drawing" seems within reach, with the artist controlling the technology. Because many of the techniques and tools that were required to give the film the quality Keane demanded of it didn't exist when the project was started, WDFA had to make them on their own.

To create the impression of a drawing, Non-photorealistic rendering was used, making the surface look like it is painted but still containing depth and dimensions.

Animation
The film was made in CGI though Rapunzel will resemble traditional oil paintings on canvas: "There’s no photoreal hair. I want luscious hair, and we are inventing new ways of doing that. I want to bring the warmth and intuitive feel of hand-drawn to CGI. "For inspiration, Keane and his animators are referencing a painting by French Rococo artist Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, applying a certain richness that they have never attained in animation before." "A fairy tale world has to feel romantic and lush. So we were able to duplicate the shot with the girl on the swing in 3D, to do a dimensional tree where the leaves turn, but it still feels like it has calories if you look at it too long. Very painterly. "The next step was to do an animated human character: to get a softness, a feel of blood in the veins. I want skin moving across bone and tendon and there’s a subtlety to this. The thing is, I don’t want realism. "Kyle Strawitz really helped me start to believe that the things I wanted to see were possible… that you could move in a Disney painterly world. He took the house from Snow White and built it and painted it so that it looked like a flat painting that suddenly started to move, and it had dimension and kept all of the soft, round curves of the brushstrokes of watercolor. Kyle helped us get that Fragonard look of that girl on the swing… We are using subsurface scattering and global illumination and all of the latest techniques to pull off convincing human characters and rich environments." One of the main ambitions of the makers of Rapunzel is to create movements that are just as soft and fluid as of that in the old Disney Classics.

Music
Original music was composed for the movie by Alan Menken with lyrics written by Glenn Slater.undefinedMenken said he attempted to blend medieval music with 1960s folk rock to create the new songs.

The Complete Song List:
 * "Prologue" by Donna Murphy as "Mother Gothel" and Delaney Stein as "Young Rapunzel"
 * "When Will My Life Begin?" by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel"
 * "When Will My Life Begin? (Reprise 1)" Performed by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel"
 * "Mother Knows Best" by Donna Murphy as "Mother Gothel"
 * "When Will My Life Begin? (Reprise 2)" by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel"
 * "I've Got a Dream" by Brad Garrett as "Hook-Hand Thug," Jeffrey Tambor as "Big Nose Thug," Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel," Zachary Levi as "Flynn Rider" and Ensemble
 * "Mother Knows Best (Reprise)" by Donna Murphy as "Mother Gothel"
 * "I See the Light" by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel" and Zachary Levi as "Flynn Rider"
 * "Healing Incantation" by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel"
 * "The Tear Heals" by Mandy Moore as "Rapunzel"
 * "Something That I Want" by Grace Potter (Ending Credits)

Schedule

 * On April 12, 2007 it was revealed Annie-nominated animator and story artist Dean Wellins will be co-directing the film alongside Glen Keane.
 * On October 9, 2008, it was reported Glen Keane and Dean Wellins would be stepping down as directors and would be replaced by a new team of Byron Howard and Nathan Greno, director and storyboard director of 2008's Bolt. Keane would stay on as the Executive Producer and Wellins has moved onto developing other short films and feature films.

Title change
Disney's previous animated feature The Princess and the Frog in 2009, while being highly critically acclaimed and taking in nearly $270 million worldwide, was not as successful as Disney had hoped. Disney expressed the belief that the film's emphasis on princesses may have deterred young boys from seeing the film. In order to market the film to both boys and girls, Disney changed the film's name from Rapunzel to Tangled, while also emphasizing Flynn Rider, the film's prominent male character. Disney was criticized for altering the classic title and story as a marketing strategy. Floyd Norman, a former Disney and Pixar animator, said, "The idea of changing the title of a classic like 'Rapunzel' to 'Tangled' is beyond stupid. I'm convinced they'll gain nothing from this except the public seeing Disney as desperately trying to find an audience."

Tangled Ever After
Main Article: Tangled Ever After

Critical response
Tangled received very positive responses from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 89% of critics have given Tangled a positive review based on 180 reviews, with an average score of 7.5/10. Among Rotten Tomatoes Top Critics, which consists of popular and notable critics from the top newspapers, websites, television and radio programs, the film holds an overall approval rating of 90%, based on a sample of 31 reviews.The site's consensus is: "While far from Disney's greatest film, Tangled is a visually stunning, thoroughly entertaining addition to the studio's classic animated canon." Another review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score from 0–100 out of reviews from mainstream film critics, calculated a score of 71 based on 33 reviews. CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave Tangled was A+ on an A+ to F scale. On IMDB, the film has a 7.8/10 rating with 66,359 ratings, tying fellow Disney film Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension.

A. O. Scott of The New York Times positively reviewed the film as "the 50th animated feature from Disney, and its look and spirit convey a modified, updated but nonetheless sincere and unmistakable quality of old-fashioned Disneyness." Time film critic Richard Corliss noted that the film "wades into the DreamWorks style of sitcom gags and anachronistic sass" while praising the film for achieving "the complex mix of romance, comedy, adventure and heart that defines the best Disney features." Kenneth Turan from The Los Angeles Times awarded the film four stars out of five; he described the film as a "gorgeous computer-animated look that features rich landscapes and characters that look fuller and more lifelike than they have in the past."

James Berardinelli commented on his review website ReelViews that the film is "entertaining and enjoyable, but not groundbreaking." Berardinelli also stated Rapunzel is "not as memorable as Snow White, Princess Ariel, or Belle" as well as stating "the songs are neither catchy nor memorable." Todd McCarthy, film reviewer for The Hollywood Reporter opened his review with, "It would have been nice if Disney's self-touted 50th animated feature were one of its best, a film that could stand with the studio's classics, but the world will have to make do with Tangled, a passably entertaining hodgepodge of old and new animation techniques, mixed sensibilities and hedged commercial calculations." Most reviews have praised the animation, notably the sky lantern sequence ("I See The Light") in the film, some comparing it to the ballroom scene in Beauty and the Beast.

Box-office performance
Tangled earned $200,821,936 in the USA and Canada and an estimated $389,900,000 in other countries for a worldwide total of $590,721,936. Worldwide, it is the 15th highest-grossing animated feature ever released, the eighth highest-grossing film of 2010 and the third largest animated title on that list behind Toy Story 3 ($1.063 billion) and Shrek Forever After ($752.6 million). It is also the third Disney film appearing in 2010's Top Ten. Finally, it is the second highest-grossing film worldwide produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, trailing only The Lion King ($868.9 million).

It premiered in Paris on November 17, exclusively screening at the Grand Rex theatre two weeks in advance of its French wide release. With over 3,800 tickets sold on its opening day, it set a new record for films showing in a single theatre. It had a worldwide opening weekend of $86,079,983. Due to a gradual worldwide roll-out and many other blockbuster movies playing at the same time, it reached the summit of the worldwide box office only once, on its 11th weekend (Feb 4-6, 2011), with $24,884,871 from 49 territories.

North America
In the United States and Canada, Tangled picked up $11.9 million on its opening Wednesday, breaking the record for the largest pre-Thanksgiving Wednesday opening of all time, a record previously held by Disney·Pixar's Toy Story 2. In its first weekend of release, it earned $48.8 million, placing second for the period barely behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, which earned $49.1 million. Tangled had the fifth highest opening weekend for a film that did not debut at #1. Over the traditional Wednesday-Sunday Thanksgiving holiday period, it tallied $68.7 million, again finishing in second place. Tangled also marked the second-largest 3-day and 5-day Thanksgiving opening after Toy Story 2. During its second weekend (post-Thanksgiving), which was one of the lowest-grossing of 2010, Tangled declined 56%, although it jumped to first place at the box office with $21.6 million, ahead of the new release The Warrior's Way and surpassing Deathly Hallows Part 1's weekend gross by a wide margin. With a final gross of $200,821,936, it is the 10th highest-grossing film of 2010 in these regions. However, it was the fourth slowest film to pass this mark behind Back to the Future, My Big Fat Greek Wedding, and Saving Private Ryan. In the USA and Canada, (unadjusted for inflation) it is the third highest-grossing film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind The Lion King ($423.1 million) and Aladdin ($217.4 million).

International markets
Overseas, on its opening weekend it earned $17,373,685 in 8 territories and ranked second for the weekend behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 ($117.3 million). After an eventual rollout in markets around the world and varying rankings among the Top Ten in subsequent weekends overseas, it reached first place at the overseas box office on the first weekend of 2011 (January 7–9) with $25.9 million. It fell to second place with $14.9 million overseas on the Martin Luther King weekend, out-grossed by Tron: Legacy ($17.2 million). On January 28–30, it regained first place with $17.1 million mainly due to a strong opening in the UK, Ireland and Malta. On the following weekend (Feb. 4-6 2011), it continued to dominate on the summit of the overseas box office with $23.0 million, a feat the UK, Spain, Sweden and Norway mainly contributed to. In cumulative overseas grosses, it marked the seventh largest 2010 picture, the third largest 2010 animated feature.

Merchandising
Like other recent Disney animated features, Tangled is supported in retail stores by a line of toys and other merchandise. Many of the Rapunzel dolls emphasize her hair, while some also include sound clips from the film. Toys based on other characters, including Flynn Rider, Pascal and Maximus, have also been released. Rapunzel became an official Disney Princess on October 2, 2011.

A video game based on the film, titled Tangled (video game) was released on November 23, 2010 for the two Nintendo consoles Nintendo DS and Wii as well as for the PC platform by Disney Interactive Studios.

Home media
Tangled was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment as a four-disc combo pack on March 29, 2011. The combo pack includes a Blu-ray 3D, standard Blu-ray, DVD, and digital copy. A two-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack and single DVD are also available. Bonus features for the Blu-ray include deleted scenes, two alternate opening sequences, two extended songs, and an inside look at how the film was made. The DVD includes only the two Original Storybook Openings and the 50th Animated Feature Countdown.

Sales of Tangled in the US and Canada exceeded $95 million in DVD and Blu-ray sales, the highest grossing DVD of the year to date; its home video sales exceeded the film's earnings in its first week in theaters. The film sold a record 2,970,052 units (the equivalent of $44,521,079) in its first week in North America, the largest opening for a 2011 DVD. It dominated for two weeks on the DVD sales chart and sold 6,208,573 units ($95,280,386) as of October 23, 2011. It has also sold 2,518,522 Blu-ray units ($59,220,275) by May 29, 2011.