The Walt Disney Company



The Walt Disney Company (most commonly known as Disney) is the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923 by Walt Disney and his brother Roy Oliver Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, it is today the number two media company in the United States. The company's corporate headquarters are located in Burbank, California. Disney had revenues of $34.3 billion in 2006, and it is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

For much of its history, the company was known as Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., until February 6, 1986, when it was rechristened with its current name. Disney Enterprises, Inc., commonly seen in company legal notices, is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company.

Divisions
Disney's main operating units are Studio Entertainment, Parks and Resorts, Media Networks, and Consumer Products.

Studio Entertainment
Its Studio Entertainment unit, also known as The Walt Disney Studios, is headed by company president Oren Aviv. It includes the Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group, a collection of movie studios including Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, and Hollywood Pictures. The Miramax Films and Dimension Films studios are also a part of the unit, but operate autonomously in New York. Disney's Buena Vista Music Group, which includes Walt Disney Records, Mammoth Records, Lyric Street Records, and Hollywood Records, also falls under the umbrella of The Walt Disney Studios. The unit also includes Walt Disney Theatrical and Disney's distribution companies: Buena Vista International, Buena Vista Home Entertainment, and Buena Vista Home Entertainment International.

One of the company's most successful and historically signifigant subsidiaries is its animation studio, Walt Disney Feature Animation, responsible for producing a number of successful and influential traditionally animated features. In the aftermath of the box office failures of some of its recent animated films and the stellar successes of computer-animated films from Pixar, Disney has shifted its production from "traditional" hand-drawn animated films (which in recent years have incorporated much work done on computer) to entirely computer-animated films. The most traditionally-animated film produced by Disney was Home on the Range, and their first computer-animated film was Chicken Little. Disney had fallen under much criticism for this change in direction, especially from fans who see the strength of a movie as its plot and its characters and not as the technology used to make it. However, in 2009, Disney released The Princess and the Frog, its' first 2-D animated feature since. Since 2006, one Pixar produced CGI-animated feature and one Disney-produced traditional cel animated (or CGI) feature has been released under the Disney banner.

In 2006, Disney acquired Pixar and named Pixar executive John Lasseter the Chief Creative Officer of Pixar and Walt Disney Feature Animation and Principal Creative Advisor of Walt Disney Imagineering.

Walt Disney Studios, the company's main film and television production facility and corporate headquarters located in Burbank, California, is the only major Hollywood film studio that has never offered tours to the public. A partial tour of the Orlando, Florida feature animation satellite studio was available to attendees of Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney's Hollywood Studios) until 2003.

Media Networks
The Media Networks unit is centered around the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) television network, which it acquired through a merger with Capital Cities/ABC in 1996. Ironicly enough, it was ABC that helped Disney open the Disneyland theme park in 1955 with financing. Disney also owns a group of cable networks including The Disney Channel, ABC Family, Disney XD (formerly Toon Disney), the ESPN group (with 20% owned by Hearst Television, and SOAPnet through Disney-ABC Cable Networks. Disney also holds substantial interest in Lifetime, including the Lifetime Movie Network and A&amp;E (37.5%), Hallmark Channel (50%, through the purchase of The Jim Henson Company), and E! (40%). It also owns ABC Studios (nee Touchstone Television), which produces and distributes television programs such as Ugly Betty not only for ABC, but other television networks, as seen through the fact that Ghost Whisperer airs on CBS, even though ABC Studios is co-producer.

Through ABC, Disney also owns local 10 television stations, ESPN Radio and Radio Disney, the latter two of which are considered part of the Disney-ABC Cable Group. Disney-ABC Domestic Television, formerly known as Buena Vista Television, which also is a part of the Media Networks unit, produces such syndicated television programs as the American version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Live with Regis and Kelly, and at The Movies. It sold a majority intrest of their 22 radio stations not affiliated (or owned) with either Radio Disney or ESPN and the ABC Radio Network, which includes media personalities such as Sean Hannity to Citadel Broadcasting in 2007.

Disney also operates its Hyperion publishing company and Walt Disney Internet Group (WDIC) through Media Networks. Hyperion has recently published books by comedian-author Steve Martin and bestselling author Mitch Albom. WDIC includes the Go.com web portal, based on the old Infoseek search engine which it purchased in 1998, and leading websites such as Disney.com, ESPN.com, and ABCNews.com.

Consumer Products
Its Consumer Products unit includes Disney's merchandising and licensing business and its Disney Publishing Worldwide group, whose imprints include Disney Editions, Hyperion Books for Children and Disney Press. It also published the Disney Adventures children's magazine.

The unit includes TheDisney Store chain of shopping mall locations, which it sold in 2004 to The Children's Place, but were repurchased in May of 2008, and also includes Jim Henson's Muppets characters, which it purchased via the merger with The Jim Henson Company in 2004.

1923-1936

 * 1923: The Disney Bros. Studio, founded in October 16 by brothers Walt and Roy Disney and animator Ub Iwerks, produces the Alice in Cartoonland series.
 * 1925: At Walt Disney's insistence, the company is renamed Walt Disney Studios.
 * 1927: The Alice series ends; Disney picks up the contract to animate Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
 * 1928: Walt loses of the Oswald series to Universal Studios; first Mickey Mouse cartoon: Plane Crazy
 * 1929: First Silly Symphony: The Skeleton Dance. On December 16 the original partnership formed in 1923 is replaced by Walt Disney Productions, Ltd. Three other companies, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company, are also formed.
 * 1930: First appearance of Pluto
 * 1932: First three-strip Technicolor short released: Flowers and Trees; first appearance of Goofy
 * 1934: First appearance of Donald Duck

1937-1954

 * 1937: Studio produces its first feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
 * 1938: On September 29, Walt Disney Enterprises, Disney Film Recording Company, and Liled Realty and Investment Company are merged into Walt Disney Productions.
 * 1940: Studio moves to the Burbank, California buildings where it is located to this day
 * 1941: A bitter animators' strike occurs; as the USA enters World War II, the studio begins making morale-boosting propaganda films for the government
 * 1944: The company is short on cash; a theatrical re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs generates much-needed revenue and begins a reissue pattern for the animated feature films (See: List of Disney film reissues by year)
 * 1945: The studio hires its first-ever live actor for a film, James Baskett, to star as Uncle Remus in Song of the South
 * 1946: Tokyo Movie Shinsha in October 1946 Disney are distributor managements of Columbia Pictures.
 * 1949: The studio begins production on its first all-live action feature, Treasure Island; the popular True-Life Adventures series begins
 * 1952: Walt Disney forms WED Enterprises on December 16 to design his theme park.
 * 1953: Walt Disney forms Retlaw Enterprises on April 6 to control the rights to his name. It will later own and operate several attractions inside Disneyland, including the Monorail and the Disneyland Railroad.
 * 1954: The studio founds Screen Gems to distribute its feature films; beginning of the Disneyland TV program and her Torch Lady are shines.

1955-1983

 * 1955: Opening of Disneyland in Anaheim, California. Walt Disney Productions owns 34.5 percent of Disneyland, Inc. It increases its stake in 1957 to 65.5 percent, then purchases the remaining shares from ABC in 1960.
 * 1961: The studio licenses the film rights to Winnie-the-Pooh, whose characters continue to be highly profitable to this day; international distribution arm Buena Vista International is established.
 * 1964: The company starts buying land near Orlando, Florida for Walt Disney World (then known as Disney World or The Florida Project)
 * 1965: The regular production of short subjects ceases, as theatres no longer have any demand for them. Walt Disney Productions acquires WED Enterprises.
 * 1966: Walt Disney dies. His brother Roy takes over.
 * 1967: Construction begins on Walt Disney World; the underlying governmental structure (see Reedy Creek Improvement District) is signed into law.
 * 1971: Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida; Roy Oliver Disney dies; Donn Tatum becomes chairman and Card Walker becomes president.
 * 1977: Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy and nephew of Walt, resigns from the company citing a decline in overall product quality and issues with management.
 * 1978: The studio licenses several minor titles to MCA Discovision for laserdisc release; only TV compilations of cartoons ever see the light of day through this deal.
 * 1979: Don Bluth and a number of his allies leave the animation division; the studio releases its first PG-rated film, The Black Hole
 * 1980: Tom Wilhite becomes head of the film division with the intent of modernizing studio product; a home video division is created
 * 1981: Plans for a cable network are announced.
 * 1982: EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World; Walt Disney's son-in-law Ron W. Miller succeeds Card Walker as CEO
 * 1983: As the anthology series is canceled, The Disney Channel begins operation on US cable systems; Tom Wilhite resigns his post; Tokyo Disneyland opens in Japan

1984-1999

 * 1984: Touchstone Pictures is created; after the studio narrowly escapes a buyout attempt by Saul Steinberg, Roy Edward Disney and his business partner, Stanley Gold, remove Ron W. Miller as CEO and president, replacing him with Michael Eisner and Frank Wells.
 * 1985: With the premiere of DuckTales, the studio begins making cartoons for television; The home video release of Pinocchio is a best-seller.
 * 1986: The studio's first R-rated release comes from Touchstone Pictures (Down and Out in Beverly Hills); the anthology series is revived; the company's name is changed from Walt Disney Productions to The Walt Disney Company.
 * 1989: Disney offers a deal to buy Jim Henson's Muppets and have the famed puppeteer work with Disney resources.
 * Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney's Hollywood Studios) open at Walt Disney World.
 * 1990: Jim Henson's death sours the deal to buy his holdings; the anthology series canceled for second time.
 * 1992: The controversial Euro Disney opens outside Paris, France.
 * 1993: Disney acquires independent film distributor Miramax Films; Winnie the Pooh merchandise outsells Mickey Mouse merchandise for the first time; the policy of periodic theatrical re-issues ends with this year's re-issue of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs but is augmented for video.
 * 1994: Frank Wells is killed in a helicopter crash; Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns to co-found his own studio, DreamWorks SKG.
 * Plans for Disney's America, a historical theme park in Haymarket, Virginia, are abruptly dropped. No explanation is given, and Disney announces a search for an alternate location.
 * 1995: In October, the company hires Hollywood super agent, Michael Ovitz, to be president.
 * Voice of Sarabi Madge Sinclair Dies.
 * 1996: The company takes on the Disney Enterprises name for non-Walt Disney branded ventures and acquires the Capital Cities/ABC group, renaming it ABC, Inc. ;in December, Michael Ovitz, president of the company, leaves "by mutual consent." To celebrate the pairing, ABC's first Super Soap Weekend is held at Walt Disney World.
 * 1997: The anthology series is revived again; the home video division releases its first DVDs.
 * 1998: Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World.

2000's Current

 * 2000: Robert A. Iger becomes president and COO.
 * 2001: Disney-owned TV channels are pulled from Time Warner Cable briefly during a dispute over carriage fees; Disney's California Adventure opens to the public; Disney begins releasing Walt Disney Treasures DVD box sets for the collector's market.
 * 2003: Roy E. Disney again resigns as head of animation and from the board of directors, citing similar reasons to those that drove him off 26 years earlier; fellow director Stanley Gold resigns with him; they establish "Save Disney" to apply public pressure to oust Michael Eisner.
 * 2003: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl becomes the first film released under the Disney label with a PG-13 rating.
 * 2004: Comcast make a hostile bid for the company, CEO Michael Eisner is replaced by George J. Mitchell as chairman of the board as a 43% vote of no confidence, The Muppets become Disney property and Disney turn down distributing Fahrenheit 9/11 which ends up making $100 million.
 * 2005: The Walt Disney Company officially begins the Happiest Homecoming on Earth on May 5 at Disneyland with a live video conference with the Magic Kingdom and video greetings from Tokyo Disneyland, Disneyland Paris and the construction site of Hong Kong Disneyland.
 * Roy E. Disney named Director Emeritus of the Walt Disney Company on July 8th.
 * Disneyland celebrates its 50th birthday on July 17.
 * Robert A. Iger, currently president of the company, replaces Michael Eisner as CEO on October 1.
 * 2006: The Walt Disney Company acquires Pixar Animation Studios.
 * Disney reaquires the rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit from Universal (now known as NBC Universal) in exchange for sportscaster Al Michaels among other items.
 * Hong Kong Disneyland opens September 12.
 * 2007: ABC sells their 26 radio stations and a majority intrest in ABC Radio Network to Citadel broadcasting.

External link
The Official Site